Population

Population notes for GeoGraphy

Fall of Mughal Empire

Reasons
·        The collapse of the Mansabdari System.
The local rulers that were ruling the parts of Mughal Empire on behalf of the Mughals started rising after the death of Aurangzeb as there was not strong ruler in Dehli.
·        The religious policies of the Aurangzeb
The religious policies of Aurangzeb such as ban on Suttee, Gambling, and drinking wine offended the large Hindu contingent of the Mughal Empire.
·        Arrival of the British
The British soon became strong as there was no check on their activities from a strong ruler in the centre. They also attracted the people by bring new innovations to the infrastructure in India. Not only this they also assisted the local rulers to rise against the Mughals and weaken the foundation of the Empire.

• Foreign intruders like the Persians Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali.

The Persians has been looking forward to the weakening Mughal Empire since the death of Aurangzeb and Nadir Shah seized the opportunity to plunder the Mughal Empire in 1738. AD
·        Wars of Succession between the Mughal Royal Family.
The continuous practice of the Mughal princes to fight with each other for the throne after thedeath of the emperor inflicted multiple wounds for the empire including the loss of precious lives, empire leading to bankruptcy and the revealing all its weakness to the enemies with in and abroad.

Tips for urdu

• -Use all the time you have that is 2 hours in Paper 1 and 1 hour 45 minutes in Paper 2.
• -Read the translation once before inorder to arrange words in the sentence carefully.
• -In mazmoon always start with some sort of introduction to the topic.
• -All paragraphs in mazmoon should be almost of equal length that is 50 for each.
• -NEVER repeat the sentences as it is given in summary and comprehension, always try to change the words or if not possible then change the structure of the sentence BUT it SHOULD make sense
• -NEVER change the meaning of the sentences in doing so above ^

• In urdu you have alot of time, so first read question, make points on sheet, divide time accordingly.
• When you start to write, first have all the lines which u have to write.
• write slowly and try to write in good handwriting.
• recheck after every paragraph, not after all the paper.
• Try to use easy words and simple lines. Don't use those words about which u are not sure. Complicated sentences can maybe make examiner confuse.
• don't write about politics.
• you can write till 200 words in q1 and 250 in q2 so write near to 190 and 240 approximately.

Quranic Passages - according to new pattern

 

(a) briefly describe the main theme(s) in each passage.                                [4]

(b) briefly explain the importance of these themes in a Muslims life today. [4]

1:  sura, 2.225          (Ayat ul Kursi)

A:        Theme:

Theme of this long verse is God himself. It’s a verse of sura al-baqara, a Madni sura. It begins with the expression of the shahada (declaration of oneness of God) and then elaborates various aspects of unity of God that make him matchless  God is fee from all weaknesses and limitations, has perfect knowledge of all times, is not dependent on anyone for his survival and enjoys autonomy in exercising His authority. His authority and his rule encompass the entire universe. This makes God not only unique but also elevates him to the heights, we just can’t imagine and that is mentioned in the Quran as: “then he established himself on the throne” (10:3, 13:2)

B:        Importance of the Theme:

This passage tells Muslims to believe in Tawhid in terms of God’s uniqueness, majesty and glory. The theme is important for Muslims as it crystallizes the belief of Tawhid and trains them to condemn shirk. There is repetitive mention of God’s authority, unlimited knowledge and powers in order to strengthen the faith of its readers. For example, it says “He is exalted in power, Wise. He created the heavens without any pillars”31:9-10, luqman)  and  “but God is the one free of all wants “(35:15,Fatir). The objective is to remind Muslims that God alone is to be worshipped and no authority can be compared with him. Many Muslims recite this verse regularly to reiterate God’s power and high position as compared to any worldly authority.

2:        Surah: 6. 101—103                        (Al-An’aam)

A:        Theme:   

Theme of this passage is God in Himself. It elaborates some of the fundamental aspects of unity of God (Tawhid). It describes God as the originator of universe and rejects any kind of misconception of God having any family. It also refers to His unbounded knowledge, power and grasp on His created world. The passage further stresses on the sublime nature of God and inability of human imagination to encompass God’s person, though He himself can see to the unfathomable depths, as endorsed elsewhere in the Quran: “for God is He Who understands the finest mysteries” (22:63).

           
B:        Importance of the theme

This passage is important for Muslims to clearly understand the doctrine of Tawhid in terms of God’s nature and powers. Muslims need to learn that though God is too sublime to be perceived, He is everywhere and all powerful. The Quran reminds Muslims this repeatedly: “and He is with you where ever you are” (57:04, Al-hadid), and “for We are nearer to him (man) than his jugular vein” (50:16, Qaf). The passage also categorically negates the false belief of God having any wife or children and thus, it strikes at the roots of shirk (associating partners with God). Muslims, in this way, develop a clearer concept of tawhid and feel themselves bound to adore God only. They remember that shirk is the only unpardonable sin in the sight of God.