Tips for urdu

• -Use all the time you have that is 2 hours in Paper 1 and 1 hour 45 minutes in Paper 2.
• -Read the translation once before inorder to arrange words in the sentence carefully.
• -In mazmoon always start with some sort of introduction to the topic.
• -All paragraphs in mazmoon should be almost of equal length that is 50 for each.
• -NEVER repeat the sentences as it is given in summary and comprehension, always try to change the words or if not possible then change the structure of the sentence BUT it SHOULD make sense
• -NEVER change the meaning of the sentences in doing so above ^

• In urdu you have alot of time, so first read question, make points on sheet, divide time accordingly.
• When you start to write, first have all the lines which u have to write.
• write slowly and try to write in good handwriting.
• recheck after every paragraph, not after all the paper.
• Try to use easy words and simple lines. Don't use those words about which u are not sure. Complicated sentences can maybe make examiner confuse.
• don't write about politics.
• you can write till 200 words in q1 and 250 in q2 so write near to 190 and 240 approximately.

Quranic Passages - according to new pattern

 

(a) briefly describe the main theme(s) in each passage.                                [4]

(b) briefly explain the importance of these themes in a Muslims life today. [4]

1:  sura, 2.225          (Ayat ul Kursi)

A:        Theme:

Theme of this long verse is God himself. It’s a verse of sura al-baqara, a Madni sura. It begins with the expression of the shahada (declaration of oneness of God) and then elaborates various aspects of unity of God that make him matchless  God is fee from all weaknesses and limitations, has perfect knowledge of all times, is not dependent on anyone for his survival and enjoys autonomy in exercising His authority. His authority and his rule encompass the entire universe. This makes God not only unique but also elevates him to the heights, we just can’t imagine and that is mentioned in the Quran as: “then he established himself on the throne” (10:3, 13:2)

B:        Importance of the Theme:

This passage tells Muslims to believe in Tawhid in terms of God’s uniqueness, majesty and glory. The theme is important for Muslims as it crystallizes the belief of Tawhid and trains them to condemn shirk. There is repetitive mention of God’s authority, unlimited knowledge and powers in order to strengthen the faith of its readers. For example, it says “He is exalted in power, Wise. He created the heavens without any pillars”31:9-10, luqman)  and  “but God is the one free of all wants “(35:15,Fatir). The objective is to remind Muslims that God alone is to be worshipped and no authority can be compared with him. Many Muslims recite this verse regularly to reiterate God’s power and high position as compared to any worldly authority.

2:        Surah: 6. 101—103                        (Al-An’aam)

A:        Theme:   

Theme of this passage is God in Himself. It elaborates some of the fundamental aspects of unity of God (Tawhid). It describes God as the originator of universe and rejects any kind of misconception of God having any family. It also refers to His unbounded knowledge, power and grasp on His created world. The passage further stresses on the sublime nature of God and inability of human imagination to encompass God’s person, though He himself can see to the unfathomable depths, as endorsed elsewhere in the Quran: “for God is He Who understands the finest mysteries” (22:63).

           
B:        Importance of the theme

This passage is important for Muslims to clearly understand the doctrine of Tawhid in terms of God’s nature and powers. Muslims need to learn that though God is too sublime to be perceived, He is everywhere and all powerful. The Quran reminds Muslims this repeatedly: “and He is with you where ever you are” (57:04, Al-hadid), and “for We are nearer to him (man) than his jugular vein” (50:16, Qaf). The passage also categorically negates the false belief of God having any wife or children and thus, it strikes at the roots of shirk (associating partners with God). Muslims, in this way, develop a clearer concept of tawhid and feel themselves bound to adore God only. They remember that shirk is the only unpardonable sin in the sight of God.

FAQs for Islamiyat (2058)

Q Is Islamiyat available to candidates in any country?

Yes, candidates anywhere can sit the examinations.

Q What are the differences between O Level Islamiyat (2058) and O Level Islamic Religion and Culture (2056)?

There are slight differences in the content but these are minimal, the main difference comes in the examination. The best way to see is by looking at the syllabus and past papers. There is no difference in the qualification so it basically comes down to which one you prefer. Islamic Religion and Culture is only available in November each year whereas Islamiyat is available both November and June.

Q What is the duration of the exam?

2058/01: 1 hour 30 minutes; 2058/02: 1 hour 30 minutes.

Q Which themes and passages from the Qur’an do we study for Paper 1?

The Qur'an as a whole contains a number of major themes. The revised syllabus focuses on three of them:

1) Allah in himself

2) Allah's relationship with the created world

3) Allah's messengers.

The syllabus lists 15 Qur'an passages, 5 under each of these 3 major themes. It is these themes that Question 1 asks about.

The passages collected under each major theme will all contain something significant about the theme, and that is what students should be taught to think about. In the examination these 15 passages are tested in Paper 1, Question 1, where 3 passages are set and candidates have to choose any 2.

Q Will the three Qur’anic passages in Paper 1 be on the same theme?

Descendants of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

1.      Zainab bint Muhammad:

                                             She was the eldest daughter of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his wife khadija and was born ten years before being granted prophet hood. She was the second child of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) after Qasim. She was married to her maternal aunts son Abul Aas bin Rabi. She embraced Islam but was left in Makah when the Holy Prophet (PBUH) migrated to Madinah. Her husband didn’t accept Islam until 6 A.H. Her husband wasn’t a Muslim and fought against the Muslims in the battle of Badr. He was brought as a captive before the Holy Prophet (PBUH). For his ransom, Zainab sent a necklace that had been given to her by her mother. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) returned the necklace and released Abul Aas on the condition that he would send Zainab to Madinah, which he did.

On the way she was attacked by Habbar bin Aswad and suffered a miscarriage. She died in 8 A.H as a result of the wounds inflicted upon her by this attack. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) performed her funeral prayer and she was buried in Madinah. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) used to say about her:

“ She is the best amongst my daughters; for my sake she has suffered a lot”

Quranic Passages- -Frequently asked Questions

Quranic Passages (Paper 1, Q: 1)

Frequently Asked Questions 

Q.1 what should be included in the main theme of the Quranic passages?

Main theme is the central idea of the passage, around which the whole passage revolves. There can be more than one theme. Just like in Urdu, there is Markazi khayal, the only difference is theme can be more than one. This part requires:

·        Teaching

·        Lessons

·        Belief

·        Theme
 As for the meaning of reflection ,it means how the sura talks about the themes in a particular manner e.g. Sura 112 talks about the themes of God in Himself, His Oneness, His uniqueness which may be different to the way its talked about in other suras.

Q.2 How many themes are there of the Quranicc Passages?

There are 15 passage total in the syllabus. They are further divided into three major themes and each has five passages in it.

1.      Allah in Himself

2.      Allah’s relationship with His Created World

3.      Allah’s Messenger

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Islamiat Sylabus

Syllabus 2058/2013-14

Syllabus 2058 2013 / 14 at a glance

Cambridge O Level Islamiyat
Syllabus  2013-14 code 2058

All candidates take two written papers and answer in English. Both papers must be taken for the candidate to be awarded a grade.

                                        Paper 1                                                  1½ hours

                                                                                                      Total mark = 50.

Paper 1 contains 5 questions of which candidates must answer Question 1, Question 2 and two
others.

1. Major themes of the Qur’an: Three passages will be set , of which
candidates may choose any two.                                                [8 marks]
2. The history and importance of the Qur’an: This question is usually set in more than one part, and
requires an essay length answer.                                                [14 marks]
3. The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad: One or two questions are set, usually in
more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]
4. The first Islamic community: One or two questions are set, usually in more than one part,
requiring essay length answers.                                               [14 marks]

Paper 2 1½ hours                                                          1½ hours

                                                                                      Total mark = 50.

Paper 2 contains 5 questions of which candidates must answer Question 1, Question 2 and two

others.

1. Major teachings of the Hadiths of the Prophet: Four passages are set ,of  which candidates may choose any two.                                                                                                 [8 marks]

2. The history and importance of the Hadiths: This question is usually set in more than one part, and requires an essay length answer.                                                                    [14 marks]

3. The period of rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and their importance as leaders; One or two

questions are set, usually in more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]

4. The Articles of Faith (including jihad) and the Pillars of Islam: One or two questions are set, usually in more than one part, requiring essay length answers.                                                      [14 marks]

Islamiat Other Topics

Muhajirin and Ansar

• When the Holy Prophet (PBUH) arrived in Madina, he declared brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar in the house of Hazrat Anas ibn Malik. There were ninety men – half of them from the Muhajirin and half of them from the Ansar – and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) declared brotherhood between them in charity and benevolence, and made them to inherit from each other in case of the death of any of them, in preference to their next-of-kin. This continued until the Battle of Badr took place, when Allah revealed:

“And blood relations among each other have closer personal ties in the Decree of Allah (regarding inheritance)…” (33:6), returning the right of inheritance to the next of kin, rather than those joined in brotherhood.

Muhajirin

• The Muhajirin are those people who emigrated in the way of Allah from Makkah to

Madina.

• The term ‘Muhajir’ is not applied to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself.

• The Muhajirin suffered greatly at the hands of the Quraish before their migration.

• Some emigrants had to leave their sons, daughters, wives or husbands behind for their religion.

• Some stole out of Makkah alone and made the arduous journey to Madina by themselves.

• Also, they took virtually no possessions to Madina, and thus arrived penniless.

Quran:

“The sins of the emigrants --- are forgiven.”

“Those who believed, migrated and expended blood and treasure in fighting for the cause of Allah, occupy a high position.”

Ansar

• The Ansar are the people of the tribes of Aus and Khazraj.

• These tribes had migrated to Madina in the twilight of the Himyarite Empire.

• These two tribes fought with each other, as well as the Jews with whom they shared the city.

The Rightly Guided Caliphs

Caliphate of Hazrat Umar Farooq

Hazrat Umar: His life before becoming a caliph and his character

• Hazrat Umar belonged to the Quraishi family of Banu Adi.

• His father’s name was Khattab bin Nufail.

• The ancestry of Hazrat Umar coincided with the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in eighth generation.

• The name of Hazrat Umar’s mother Hantamah bint Hisham bin Mughairah.

• He was born in the Year of the Elephant (about 40 years before migration). He was thus 12-13 years younger than the Holy Prophet (PBUH).

• Hazrat Umar was born in an educated and well-off family. He too was personally eduated by his father.

• In his youth, Hazrat Umar acquired the skills of geneology, fighting, wrestling and oratory. 

• Before his acceptance of Islam, Hazrat Umar was appointed to the ambassadorial post by the Quraish.

• He was well-established in trade.

• Hazrat Umar was 27 years old when the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was given the charge of Messengership.

• In the sixth year of Prophethood, Hazrat Umar accepted Islam in Arqam’s house in Makkah, which at that time was the centre of Prophet’s preaching.

• After his conversion to Islam, Muslims performed prayer for the first time in Ka’bah.

• He was thirty three years old when he embraced Islam.

• He was given the title Farooq i.e. one who can distinguish between right and wrong by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) after he converted to Islam.

• He migrated to Madina and took part in all major battles, i.e. Badr, Uhad, Ditch, Khyber and Hunain.

• His daughter Hazrat Hafsah was Holy Prophet (PBUH)’s wife.

• He gave half his wealth at the time of the Tabuk Expedition.

Main attributes of his personality:

• Simplicity, kindness, full commitment, dedication and devotion to his duty as Caliph, good judge of men, able to discern truth from falsehood, high moral standards, tough as administrator, possessed the qualities of foresight and far-sightedness, quick and sharp in decision-making and ensuring its implementation.

Election of Hazrat Umar as the second caliph: 

• 24 August 634 AD.

• Hazrat Abu Bakr nominated Hazrat Umar as the next Caliph.

• After Hazrat Abu Bakr’s death, most of the eminent Companions of Muhammad (PBUH) swore allegiance to Hazrat Umar. 

Wars with Persia

Battle of Namarraq (October, 634 AD):

• Because the Muslims had captured Hira under the caliphate of Abu Bakr, the infuriated Persian Emperor sent a large force under a famous general.

• The two armies met 10 miles from Hira.

• Persians were defeated and put to flight.

Battle of Jar/Battle of the Bridge (October, 634 AD):

• Alarmed by the Muslim victory, the Persian Emperor dispatched a large army, commanded by Bahman.

• The Muslim army was led by Hazrat Abu Ubaydah.

• Before this mighty force, the Arabs fell back and re-crossed the Euphrates.

• The Persian commander challenged Hazrat Abu Ubaydah to cross the river again or allow him to come to the Arab side.

• Acting rashly and against his advisors’ warnings, Hazrat Abu Ubaydah ordered the Muslim army to build a bridge of boats and cross the river.

• Once on the opposite side, the Muslims found themselves in an alarming situation. They were hemmed in between the Persian war-elephants in their front and the swift river Euphrates on their backs.

• The Arabs and their animals had never seen elephants before and were terrified by these fierce and gigantic beasts. These elephants routed the Muslim cavalry.

• Hazrat Abu Ubaida ordered the cavalry to dismount and fight on foot.

• Although the Muslims fought bravely and brought down many elephants, they were trampled in large numbers under the beasts’ feet.

• Hazrat Abu Ubaida himself was martyred by one of the elephants. His brother succeeded him, but one by one, the Muslim commanders were martyred.

• A Muslim had cut the boat-bridge so that the Muslim army would not lose heart and retreat easily.

• However, the routed soldiers jumped into the river and many lost their lives.

• The new Muslim commander, Hazrat Musanna, ordered the bridge to be rebuilt. He and a small detachment held back the Persians while the survivors crossed over to the Arab side.

• Out of the original Muslim force of 9,000 men, approximately:       I) 3000 survived.    II) 2,000 fell fighting.    III) 2,000 drowned in the river.     IV) 2,000 fled to Madina and elsewhere.

Battle of Buwayb (November, 634 AD):

• Acting wisely and calmly after the disastrous Battle of Jasr, Umar rallied his allies to fight against the Persian Empire.

• When the Persians came to know of this, they sent a large force under the command of Mehran, an expert in Arabian warfare techniques.

• The Muslim army was commanded by Hazrat Musanna.

• Like the Battle of Jasr, the Persian army camped on the eastern side of the Euphrates.

• This time, however, the Muslims allowed the Persians to cross over to the Arabian side.

• The next day, the two armies engaged in a fierce battle at Buwayb.

• Even though the Persian force was many times larger than the Muslim army, they were put to rout when Mehran was killed.

• The Muslim force destroyed the bridge over the Euphrates when the Persians tried to fall back. Persians were killed in large numbers and their army was almost completely destroyed.

History and Importance of Quran

   The following Notes are copyrights of Sir Iftikhar ul Haq (complete)

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* History and Revelation of Quran 

* History of Compilation of Quran 

* Quran as the bases of Thought and Action in Islam 


* Quran as a source of Islamic Law

* Quran and Hadith as Islamic Law

* Quranic support for Ijma 

* Quranic support for Qiyas 

*Quranic Teachings about God Himself 

*Quranic Teachings about Allah and His World 

*Quranic Teachings about Allah and His Messengers 

1st Islamic Community

Biographical account of all the wives of the Holy prophet: 

( for revision; else these should be prepared from your respective book in detail, especially Khadija, Ayesha and Hafsa )

Hazrat Khadija:

Hazrat Khadija also known by the name of Tahira was daughter of Khawalid bin Asad and Fatima bint Zaidah. She was twice widowed. She married Holy Prophet (pbuh) in the age of 40and Holy Prophet (pbuh) was 25 years old. She died in the age of 65.

She bore to Holy Prophet (pbuh) 2 sons and 4 daughters. Holy Prophet (pbuh) did not marry as long she was alive. She was first convert to Islam. She suffered hard ships and persecutions. She gave Holy Prophet (pbuh) moral support when Holy Prophet (pbuh) received first revelation and financial support by placing her wealth at his disposal.

She was a pure and pious lady. She used to help poor’s.

Holy Prophet (pbuh) once said: "Khadija's love is given to me by Allah"

Hazrat Sawdah:

She was the second wife of Holy Prophet (pbuh) after Hazrat Khadija. She was once divorced. She needed protection from her family which was against her. Holy Prophet (pbuh) married her to give her protection. She died in the 22 year of hijrat. She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

She had narrated 5 traditions. She was early converts of Islam. Her dwelling and Hazrat Aisha’s were first the first to be built in the mosque. She loved Holy Prophet (pbuh) so much that at his last illness she did not went for hajj or umrah. She also gave her turn when Holy Prophet (pbuh) met every wife in the favour of Hazrat Aisha.

Holy Prophet referred to her as the most generous and charitable of his wife’s. She was pious and god fearing. She got up before dawn for prayers and indulges in them till sun rise.  

History and Importance of Hadith

Compilation of Ahadis

Compilation during Life of Holy Prophet (pbuh):

Prophet himself would give instructions about the transmission of what he taught,

“Preach what you hear me say. Also let those who see and hear me, take upon themselves to communicate my words to others and preach to their children, relatives and friends.” 

There is another report according to which on the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet said,

“He who is present here should carry this message to him who is absent.”

The companions considered it their duty to preach the Ahadis to those who had not seen or listened to him A party of students called Ashab-e-suffah lived in the mosque itself were entrusted with the teaching of religion to tribes outside Madinah . From this group most famous was Abu Hurairah who remained in The Prophet Company at all the times and store up his memory every thing that Prophet said or did. Abu Hurairah efforts were from the very beginning directed towards the preservation of Ahadis.

It is related from Abu Hurairah that once one of the companions told the Prophet of his inability to remember what he heard from him. His reply was:

 “Take the help from your right hand” (Tirmizi)  

i.e., write it down. Abdullah bin Umar (R) began to write down whatever he heard from the Holy Prophet (pbuh) . His collections contained around 10,000 Ahadis. Abdullah bin Umar himself said: “I used to write everything that I heard from the Prophet (pbuh) intending to commit it to memory”. I spoke about it to the prophet (pbuh) who said:

“Write down, for I only speak the truth” (Abu Daud)

An other report of Abu Hurairah: ‘None of the companions preserved more traditions than myself , but Abdullah bin Amr is an exception for he used to write and I did not’. Hazrat Ali used to write down ahadis concerning the Orders, Instructions issued from Holy Prophet (pbuh). Hazrat Aisha also used to preserved the says of Holy Prophet (pbuh) Abdullah bin umar and Abdullah bin Abbas were engaged in preserving and transmitting the ahadis. The Compilation of Abdullah bin Umar was known as Sadiqa. Process of compilation started in the Life of Holy Prophet (pbuh)

Pillars and Articles

PILLARS

Summary of hajj

A Summary of What The Pilgrims Do In Hajj 

(METHOD OF HAJJ)

1 – The pilgrim should enter ihraam on the eighth day of Dhu’l-Hijjah from Makkah or its environs within the sanctuary. When entering ihraam for Hajj he should do what he did when entering ihraam for ‘Umrah: ghusl (full ablution), putting on perfume and praying. He should form the intention of entering ihraam for Hajj and recite the Talbiyah.

The Talbiyah for Hajj is the same as the Talbiyah for ‘Umrah, except that one should say here “Labbayka hajjan (Here I am for Hajj)” instead of “Labbayka ‘umratan (Here I am for ‘Umrah).” If he fears that some obstacle may prevent him from completing Hajj, he should stipulate a condition and say: “If something prevents me (from completing Hajj) I will exit ihraam at the point where I am prevented (from continuing).” If he is not afraid of any obstacle then he does not need to stipulate any condition.

2 – Then he should go to Mina and stay there overnight, and offer five prayers there: Zuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib, ‘Isha’ and Fajr.

3 – When the sun rises on the ninth day he should proceed to ‘Arafah and pray Zuhr and ‘Asr together there, shortened, at the time of Zuhr. Then he should strive in du’aa’, dhikr and prayers for forgiveness until the sun sets.

4 – When the sun sets, he should proceed to Muzdalifah and pray Maghrib and ‘Isha’ there when he arrives. Then he should stay there overnight until he prays Fajr, and remember Him and call upon Him until just before sunrise.

5 – Then he should move on to Mina to stone Jamrat al-‘Aqabah which is the last pillar that is closest to Makkah, throwing seven pebbles one after another, each one approximately the size of a date stone, saying takbeer (“Allaahu akbar”) with each throw.

6 – Then he should slaughter the hadiy (sacrificial animal), namely a sheep or one-seventh of a camel or one-seventh of a cow.

7 – Then he should shave his head if he is male; women should cut their hair but not shave it, taking off the length of a fingertip from all parts of their hair.

8 – Then he should go to Makkah and perform the tawaaf of Hajj.

9 – Then he should go back to Mina and stay there for those nights, namely the nights of the eleventh and twelfth of Dhu’l-Hijjah, and stone the three Jamaraat (stone pillars) after the sun has passed its zenith, throwing seven pebbles, one after another, at each, starting with the smallest pillar – which is the one that is furthest away from Makkah, then the middle pillar. He should recite du’aa’ after both, then he should stone Jamrat al-‘Aqabah, after which there is no du’aa’.

10 – When he has finished stoning the pillars on the twelfth of Dhu’l-Hijjah, if he wishes he may hasten and leave Mina, and if he wishes he may delay (his departure) and stay there on the night of the thirteenth and stone the three Jamaraat after the sun passes its zenith. It is better to delay and stay longer, but it is not obligatory unless the sun sets on the twelfth and one is still in Mina, in which case it becomes obligatory to stay until one stones the three jamaraat after the sun passes its zenith. But if the sun sets on the twelfth day and a person is still in Mina but not by choice, such as if he had packed his bags and got into the bus or truck, but was delayed because of overcrowding and traffic jams, then he does not have to stay, because his staying until after sunset was involuntary.

11 – Once those days are over and the pilgrim wants to leave, he must not leave until he has performed the farewell tawaaf, going around the Ka’bah seven times. Women who are menstruating or bleeding following childbirth d o not have to do this farewell tawaaf.

12 – If the pilgrim is performing a voluntary Hajj on behalf of another person, whether a relative or otherwise, then he has to have done Hajj for himself before that. There is no difference in the way he performs Hajj apart from the intention, i.e., he should form the intention of performing this Hajj on behalf of that person, mentioning him by name in the Talbiyah and saying, “Labbayk ‘an [fulaan] (Here I am on behalf of [So and so]).” Then when he says du’aa’ during the rituals he should pray for himself and for the person on whose behalf he is performing Hajj. 

Hadith from 1 to 20 for o levels Islamiat

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                                                             By, Sir Iftikhar ul Haq

Hadith 1

(a) 
• Islam demands sincere and genuine faith.
• This sincerity is needed in the fundamental beliefs as well as towards the leaders and the members of the community. 
• This means strong belief in Tawhid (oneness of God), the divine message of the Quran and the messenger of God who conveyed this Message to us. 
• Also, the leader of the community, who follows the Quran and Sunnah, should be sincerely followed: 
“And obey God and obey the Messenger and those charged with authority among you.” (4:59)
• Finally, Muslims should believe in respecting and caring for the fellows in the community. 

(b) 
• Belief in Tawhid, Quran and the last Messenger is demonstrated by following the eternal guidance of the Quran and Sunnah. 
• Muslims should observe the five pillars of Islam: 
“And establish regular prayer and pay the charity tax”
• As for cooperating with the leader of the community, Muslims should remember the speech of Abu Bakr on his election as caliph: 
“Help me if I am in the right, set me right if I am in the wrong” 
• Similarly, sincerity towards fellows should be expressed by being kind, polite and respectful to them. 


Hadith 2

(a) 
• Muslims are bonded together with common faith: 
“Believers are a single brotherhood” (49:10) this bond of fraternity has been established by God Himself, and so, all Muslims should make it part of their faith.
• A heart without love and care for the fellow Muslims is devoid of true faith, & so, genuine faith is linked with affection for the other members of the community. 
• “None of you believes” refers to imperfect faith, and not absence of faith. This means that any believer might fall prey to a lack of love for fellows.

(b)
• Muslims should negate selfishness, promote spirit of sacrifice and love for the fellow Muslims
• Should develop a sense of collective welfare and make efforts to ensure comfort and benefits for others as much as for himself: 
“It is more beneficial for one to give his land free to his brother than to charge him a fixed rental” and: 
“That you desire for others that what you desire for yourself” 
• True believers should not look down upon others and should not taunt them or call them by offensive nick names.
• They are also not supposed to break ties with fellow brothers and should take initiative in re-establishing good relations. 

Hadith 3

(a) 
• Power of speech not only a great bounty by God but also a means of expressing faith: 
“He has created man. He has taught him the speech (and intelligence),” (55:3, 4)
• With this belief, a believer should learn, “To keep quiet is better than telling a bad thing”
• Several evils, transgression and indecencies originate form misuse of the tongue. 
• Similarly, faith is also linked with good social conduct because Muslims believe that observance of acts of worship is one aspect and being kind to others is another aspect of demonstrating faith. 

(b) 
• Muslims should avoid all indecencies : “Believers will surely get through ………who avoid vain talk” (23:1-2)
• They should show hospitality towards those around them e.g., neighbors & guests: “He is not a true believer who eats to his fill but his neighbor sleeps hungry” and 
“Whoever believes in God and the last day should not harm his neighbor, and whoever believes in God should honour his guest”
The Prophet set several examples of hospitality, towards both Muslims and non-Muslims. 


Hadith 4

(a) 
• This Hadith sums up the secret of entry to Paradise. 
• Prayer and fasting are the two of the five pillars on which is erected the building of faith: 
“He who gives up prayer has indeed disbelieved.” 
“What stands between a believer and disbelief is abandonment of regular prayer”
“The fast is a shield (against Satan).”
• These two pillars train believers to believe in the importance of the lawful and the unlawful.
• “…….he (the Prophet) allows them as lawful what is good and prohibits them from what is bad” (7:157)

(b)
• Muslims should be regular and punctual in daily prayer as it keeps them from evils: 
“Verily, regular prayer refrains from shameful and unjust deeds” (29:45)
• They should fast in Ramadan to promote self-restraint
• Observance of both these trains them to tell right from wrong and earn by Halal (permitted) means while shunning all Haram (forbidden) actions: 
“So take what the Messenger gives you and refrain form what he prohibits you” (59:7)
• Such self training will ensure individual and collective welfare in this world and the Hereafter. 

Hadith 5

(a)
• Muslims should consider all their physical powers as a gift of God
• This will enable them to express gratitude to God by helping fellow Muslims in daily matters
• They should consider such acts as charity e.g., settling disputes of the people and removing harmful objects from the roads.
• Such acts should be equated with exerting energy in the worship of God
• Islam encourages charity and other measures that benefit others: “The best among the people are those who are a source of benefit to the people” (Hadith) 


(b)
• True believers should shape their conduct in such a way as can help the fellows in day to day affairs. 
• They should try to end disputes between fellows because the Quran says: “Believers are a single brotherhood; therefore make peace between your two contending brothers” (49:10)
• They should hurry to offer their prayer, share the burdon of fellows and, wherever possible, remove anything harmful from thoroughfares. 
• This they should do along with other acts of charity because Islam has broadened the scope of charity. 


Hadith 6

(a) 
• Islam teaches its followers to first establish a true Islamic society based on the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah
• It further commands them to defend the society against all possible evils with whatever available resources. 
• This involves use of physical force or verbal rejection or at least condemning it from heart, though it is the lowest degree of faith of a believer 
• Believers should remember that struggle against evil is a constant phenomenon as the ultimate source of evils is Satan: 
“Verily Satan is an avowed enemy to man” (12:5)

(b) 
• Eradication of evil involves struggle of varying degrees depending on the available resources with the Muslim community and government. 
• If sufficient resources are available, then the Muslim state may permit physical Jehad: 
“Believers……….. strive hard in God’s way with their possessions and their own selves” (49:15)
• Otherwise, evil may be suppressed through speech or writings, and in case an individual believer is unable to utilize either resource, he is required to shun evil internally. 
• The best way of doing this might be to seek God’s refuge: “Say I seek refuge with the Lord of day-break. From the evil of the things created” (al-Falaq)